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A subwoofer is among the most talked about components of a speaker system. It acts as the physically large ‘bass’ unit which not only provides low frequency sounds, but also radiates low bass in order to control the room vibration. The design of this component is one of the most important decisions in choosing a speaker system. This article will explain in detail how to design a subwoofer system in an easy-to-understand manner. From this point on, one can choose any number of designs for his or her own tastes and specifications. The first thing to consider when designing a subwoofer is the type of material you wish to use in the enclosure. The most popular materials for enclosures are MDF, particle board or fiberboard. These materials are inexpensive and offer many options for design and that's their strength. However, particle board can distort sound waves, so it is probably best avoided if possible. Fiberboard has the advantage of being rigid but lacks the physical strength to handle extreme excursion without delamination or damage. MDF offers excellent mechanical strength, stiffness and damping but again poses limitations in terms of how much excursion you can achieve before delamination occurs (side-wall cupping). One other consideration is the type of finish you wish to use. Most people choose to use a phenolic or polyester-impregnated paint, but this material does not resonate well and will not allow the sound to travel as far as the materials mentioned above. Carpeting is another option which can be used as a soft "damping" surface for those interested in creating a damped cabinet (e.g., damped tower). The choices are endless and there are many different ways to decide on your design. Once you have chosen an enclosure type, you must decide on the materials used in construction and how they will be glued together. In most cases, people use a construction adhesive such as construction adhesive, wood glue or carpenters glue to help keep the two pieces of baffle board from moving. These glues are not particularly strong and have been known to fail when the enclosure is subjected to high amounts of torque from an improperly sized driver. An alternative solution is to use a frame and posts inside the enclosure. A frame allows a designer a great deal more flexibility in how he or she will build an enclosure with regards to thickness, bracing and acoustical properties. A frame allows you to have wall thicknesses up to 5" by 5" while still providing adequate strength for your driver(s). The only other alternative is to reinforce the enclosure with glass, fiberglass or carbon-fiber reinforcements. These are far more expensive but do have several benefits. The design possibilities are even greater with these materials due to their strength and rigidity. Once you have decided on your overall material, you can begin to pick the particular components of the magnetic assembly and make a design decision for magnet and pole piece choice and mounting configuration. A strong magnetic field (H) is required in order to create a resonant wave at the proper wavelength (λ). cfa1e77820